It has no or few grain boundaries, contains very little oxygen, has high purity, high electrical and thermal conductivity, superplastic ductility, and extremely high toughness.

It contains very little oxygen, has high purity, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and has good processing performance, weldability, corrosion resistance, and cold resistance.

Strong corrosion resistance, high strength and hardness, good elastic limit and fatigue limit performance.

High electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and high magnetic permeability of iron, and efficient electromagnetic shielding performance over a wide spectrum that is superior to other copper alloys.

High toughness, high hardness, wear resistance and welding resistance, good mechanical properties, conductivity, fluidity and wettability.

High strength, high current carrying capacity and strong corrosion resistance.

High resistance, high thermoelectric potential, low temperature coefficient of resistance.

High strength, strong corrosion resistance in salt, alkali and acid; non-magnetic, good fatigue strength.